Bracketless Invisible Lingual Orthodontics evolved from the need to treat relapsed anterior teeth malpositions without having the patient undergo further multibrackets therapy. In a landscape characterized by increased demand for treatment by adult patients and the need for invisible treatment modalities the scope of its application has subsequently expanded to include increasingly complex malocclusions. The aim of the present lingual orthodontic book is to describe this new therapeutic procedure that the autors, dr Anna Mariniello and dr Fabio Cozzolino, widely developed and applied to all malocclusions. 
In the various sections of the book the treatment of a series of clinical cases is illustrated, increasing in complexity from Class I malocclusions to the correction of class relationships. Where cases involve tooth extraction, the management and use of provisional restorations is presented. Methods of achieving bone regeneration by means of orthodontic movement are also described in a sections of the text.
Chapter by chapter we will present this technique, covering the materials used and clinical procedures for appliances fabrication, bonding to tooth surfaces, and subsequent monitoring. Detailed analysis will be provided about the fabrication, activation, and bonding of appliances in the control of specific tooth movements. Particular attention is paid to movements in the horizontal and vertical planes, tip and torque control, derotation, and root movement. Click here to read more or order the book
The Atlas of Bracketless Fixed Lingual Orthodontics consists of the following chapters:
Introduction
Materials Used
Clinical Procedure
Analysis of Tooth Movements
Clinical Cases
Bone Regeneration by Means of Orthodontic Movement
Management of Orthodontic Extractions and Provisional Teeth
References and Recommended Reading
Introduction
The chapter introduction explains the reasons that led to the production of this innovative lingual orthodontics technique. On the one hand the growing demand for orthodontic treatment by adult patients, on the other hand the need to achieve completely invisible but also high comfortable therapies. The first authors who performed bracketless lingual therapies were Professor Aldo Macchi (Varese, Italy) and Prof. Eric JW Liou (Taipei, Taiwan). These authors used them to solve relapsed anterior teeth malpositions without having the patients undergo further multibrackets therapy. The technique has undergone further development and has been greatly improved by the authors of the Atlas, Dr. Anna Mariniello and Dr. Fabio Cozzolino, enabling its application to the solution of increasingly complex malocclusions.Materials Used
The chapter on materials examines the main constituents of the device and the pliers used for modeling. Essential is the use of the 0.0175-inch multistrand stainless steel wires, commonly used to create passive retainers.
It is very important to choose an adhesive with adhesion values of 30 Mpa or higher and a flowable composite resin that should have an adequate consistency to flow, but it should nevertheless remain localized in the area of application. Flowable or solid composite resin can be used to create hooks, tubes, buttons, and other useful auxiliaries, eg, for the application of elastics, chains and springs. 
Bands can also be used, such as when the placement of a palatal bar is required to achieve arch expansion, using appropriate aesthetic measures to mask their presence, if visible. Orthodontic miniscews can be used in more complex cases, where an higer anchorage is required. Among our essential instruments: the bird beak plier, the Weingart plier, and the utility instrument.
Clinical Procedure
In the chapter on the clinical procedure first wires modelling is accurately examined, considering the possibility to treat dentobasal excess discrepancy and dentobasal deficit discrepancy.
Regarding the dentobasal excess discrepancy we show wires modelling according to the various opportunities to treat them by arch expansion, interproximal stripping, or tooth extraction. Regarding the dentobasal deficit discrepancy we consider two different contexts, where teeth can be can be aligned or misaligned.
Then will be explained the modalities and bonding sequences, very important for a proper appliance adesion and for a correct expression of the planned activations. 
Then it’s explained how it is possible to follow and reactivate the appliance during following checks, usually performed every 4 weeks. 
As regards the use of orthodontic miniscrews we evaluate their application in case of retraction of the anterior group, posterior advancement or posterior distalization, scissor bite correction, anterior intrusion in the maxillary and mandibular arch, posterior intrusion, anterior and posterion extrusion. We therefore analyze the movements that normalize the overjet and overbite values, allowing the correction of the open bite, deep bite, scissors bite and cross bite.
Analysis of Tooth Movements
The chapter analysis of tooth movements deals with the biomechanics of these devices and explains wire modelling and activations to achieve the principal tooth movement. In particular we analyze the control of buccolingual movements, the control of space creation and closure, arch expansion and intercanine width increasing, arch contraction, tip, torque, radicular movement, intrusion, extrusion, derotation.
Clinical Cases
A large section of the Atlas focuses on clinical cases, which are listed according to the type of malocclusion. Among class I malocclusion we analyze the correction of dentobasal excess and defect discrepancies, open bite, deep bite, crossbite, retrieval of impacted teeth and occlusal plane alterations.
To improve aesthetic in the management of impacted teeth, a temporary resin crown is bonded to the bracketless lingual appliance to mask the temporary absence of permanent teeth in the arch. In the meantime the appliance guides the tooth from its bone location to the final position in the dental arch. Among malocclusion characterized by altered class relationships we analyze extraction and non extraction cases. 
Bone Regeneration by Means of Orthodontic Movement
An important chapter of the book is on bone regeneration through orthodontic movement. In these clinical cases teeth movement can be exploited to improve gingival and bone morphologic conditions. This is critical in multidisciplinary approach cases where it is necessary to improve smile esthetics to regularize the gum parable or avoid complex surgery with bone graft.Management of Orthodontic Extractions and Provisional Teeth
In a separate chapter we expose the management of orthodontic extractions and provisional teeth, considering the importance of the absolute invisibility and smile aesthetics even during treatment. This is due to the existence of therapies that necessarily require to be solved with some teeth elimination. The absence of these teeth would obviously create a considerable embarrassment and aesthetic deficits to patients throughout the period in which the space produced by the elimination of the teeth (usually the first or second premolars) closes at least 60%. To overcome this drawback, since teeth are extracted we apply temporary resin crowns, very similar in shape and color to extracted teeth, so that the patient won’t remain toothless not even for one day. Management of the shape and position of these provisional restoration is very delicate as they must allow proper healing of the extraction site and be progressively reduced as the other teeth moving occupy the extraction space.
